{"id":114,"date":"2026-10-30T16:18:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T08:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/helyn.eu.org\/index.php\/2026\/10\/30\/4x4-cube-reduction\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T16:18:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T08:18:54","slug":"4x4-cube-reduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helyn.eu.org\/index.php\/2026\/10\/30\/4x4-cube-reduction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u56db\u9636\u9b54\u65b9\u5165\u95e8\uff1a\u964d\u9636\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e8c\u9636\u662f\u4e09\u9636\u7684\u7626\u8eab\uff0c\u56db\u9636\u6b63\u597d\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff1a\u6bcf\u8fb9\u4ece 3 \u5757\u6da8\u5230 4 \u5757\uff0c\u96f6\u4ef6\u603b\u6570\u4ece 26 \u6da8\u5230 56\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5957\u5c42\u5148\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5361\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7247 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R F&#8217; U R&#8217; F Dw&#8217;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u53ea\u7ffc\u68f1\u4f1a\u5728\u53f3\u524d\u7ad6\u68f1\u91cc\u914d\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\u3002\u7528 U \u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e0b\u9b54\u65b9\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u8fd9\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u53ea\u7ffc\u989c\u8272\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u597d\u68f1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5165\u5e93\u4e0e\u91cd\u590d<\/strong>\uff1a\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6405\u52a8\u524d\u9762\u548c\u5de6\u9762\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u5355\u68f1\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u914d\u597d\u7684\u68f1\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b83\u62c6\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u9669\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u914d\u597d\u4e00\u7ec4\u5c31\u7528\u5916\u5c42\u8f6c\u52a8\u628a\u5b83\u9001\u5230<strong>\u53f3\u9762\u6216\u5e95\u9762<\/strong>\u5b58\u7740\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a\u59cb\u7ec8\u7559\u5728\u524d\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u5171\u914d 12 \u7ec4\uff0c\u524d\u9762 10 \u7ec4\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u4e00\u5bf9 \u2192 \u6446\u4f4d \u2192 \u516c\u5f0f \u2192 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\u7ec4\u68f1\u9010\u7ec4\u770b\u989c\u8272\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ecd\u662f\u516d\u7247\u7eaf\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56db\u9636\u5728\u300c\u5f85\u9047\u300d\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u548c\u4e09\u9636\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u6309\u4e09\u9636\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u63e1\u6cd5\u63d0\u9192\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65<strong>\u53ea\u8f6c\u6700\u5916\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u634f\u4f4f\u5916\u5c42\u8f6c\uff0c\u522b\u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5e26\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e86\uff0c\u68f1\u7ec4\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c6\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u628a 2\u00d72 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u7247\u770b\u6210\u4e09\u9636\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5757\uff0c\u628a\u6bcf\u7ec4\u68f1\u770b\u6210\u4e09\u9636\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u68f1\uff0c\u7b2c 1\u20134 \u7bc7\u7684\u4e03\u6b65\u539f\u6837\u8d70\u4e00\u904d\uff1a\u5e95\u5c42\u5341\u5b57 \u2192 \u5e95\u5c42\u89d2\u5757 \u2192 \u4e2d\u5c42\u68f1\u5757 \u2192 \u9876\u5c42\u5341\u5b57 \u2192 \u9876\u9762\u7ffb\u8272 \u2192 \u9876\u89d2\u5f52\u4f4d \u2192 \u9876\u68f1\u5f52\u4f4d\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u56db\u9636\u6253\u4e71\u8d70\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u534a\u8def\u4e0a\u6216\u6700\u540e\u5173\u5934\u649e\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u300c\u4e09\u9636\u91cc\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u300d\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f4e\uff0c\u649e\u89c1\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u6000\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u662f\u56db\u9636\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5<\/h2>\n<p>\u56db\u9636\u7684\u7ffc\u68f1\u662f\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u914d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u9636\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u591a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5404\u6709\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fde\u6765\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\uff1a\u5355\u68f1\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff08\u9876\u5c42\u5341\u5b57\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u73b0\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a\u505a\u5b8c\u524d\u4e24\u5c42\u3001\u8fdb\u5165\u9876\u5c42\u5341\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u9ec4\u8272\u671d\u4e0a\u7684\u68f1\u7ec4\uff1a\u6b63\u5e38\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f 0\u30012\u30014 \u7ec4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6570\u51fa <strong>1 \u7ec4\u6216 3 \u7ec4<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5341\u5b57\u505a\u5230\u6700\u540e\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u68f1\u7684\u9ec4\u8272\u987d\u56fa\u5730\u671d\u5411\u4fa7\u9762\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u68f1\u6574\u7ec4\u7ffb\u8f6c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u5355\u68f1\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff1a\u9876\u9762\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u524d\u65b9\u4e00\u7ec4\u68f1\u4e0d\u662f\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9ec4\u8272\u8d34\u7eb8\u7ffb\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u9762\" src=\"https:\/\/helyn.eu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/fig06-topflip.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d81\u9876\u5c42\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\uff08\u89d2\u548c\u68f1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53cd\u6b63\u90fd\u6ca1\u5f52\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u7ffb\u8f6c\u7684\u8fd9\u7ec4\u68f1\u8f6c\u5230\u9876\u5c42\u6b63\u524d\u65b9\uff0c\u505a\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rw U2 x Rw U2 Rw U2 Rw&#8217; U2 Lw U2 Rw&#8217; U2 Rw U2 Rw&#8217; U2 Rw&#8217;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u516c\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u505a\u3001\u6570\u7740\u6bb5\u505a\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u6b63\u524d\u65b9\u8fd9\u7ec4\u68f1\u7ffb\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u987a\u5e26\u6253\u4e71\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u89d2\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u7ec4\u68f1\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff0c\u9876\u5c42\u8fd8\u6ca1\u52a8\u5de5\uff1b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u5c42\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u68f1\u7ec4\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u505a\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u56de\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u7bc7\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u5c42\u5341\u5b57\u91cd\u65b0\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u60c5\u51b5\u4e8c\uff1a\u5bf9\u68f1\u4ea4\u6362\uff08\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u73b0\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u9876\u5c42\u4e24\u7ec4\u68f1\u4e92\u6362\u4e86\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5757\u5168\u5bf9\u3002\u4e09\u9636\u91cc\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53ea\u5269\u4e24\u6761\u68f1\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u56db\u9636\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u8f6c\u52a8\u9876\u5c42\uff0c\u8ba9\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u68f1\u4e00\u7ec4\u5230\u524d\u9762\u3001\u4e00\u7ec4\u5230\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u505a\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>r2 U2 r2 Uw2 r2 Uw2 U2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 r \u662f\u53f3\u8fb9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5355\u72ec\u8f6c\uff0cUw \u662f\u9876\u4e0a\u4e24\u5c42\u4e00\u8d77\u8f6c\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u6761\u516c\u5f0f\u53ea\u4ea4\u6362\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u7ec4\u68f1\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u5757\u90fd\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u505a\u5b8c\u2014\u2014\u6574\u4e2a\u56db\u9636\u590d\u539f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\uff08\u672c\u7bc7\u6c47\u603b\uff09<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n<th>\u516c\u5f0f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bf9\u68f1\uff08\u6446\u4f4d\u540e\u914d\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\uff09<\/td>\n<td>Dw R F&#8217; U R&#8217; F Dw&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\uff1a\u5355\u68f1\u7ffb\u8f6c<\/td>\n<td>Rw U2 x Rw U2 Rw U2 Rw&#8217; U2 Lw U2 Rw&#8217; U2 Rw U2 Rw&#8217; U2 Rw&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e8c\uff1a\u5bf9\u68f1\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n<td>r2 U2 r2 Uw2 r2 Uw2 U2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u75c7\u72b6\uff1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5168\u62fc\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u6309\u4e09\u9636\u89e3\u5230\u6700\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u7ea2\u3001\u6a59\u4e24\u4e2a\u9762\u6574\u4f53\u53cd\u4e86\u3002<\/strong> \u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5408\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65f6\u914d\u8272\u65b9\u4f4d\u5b9a\u9519\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u628a\u7ea2\u62fc\u5230\u4e86\u6a59\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1a\u56de\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u81ea\u68c0\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u5fc3\u62fc\u5b8c\u5fc5\u987b\u62ff\u89d2\u5757\u6821\u9a8c\u65b9\u4f4d\uff0c\u522b\u7b49\u89e3\u5230\u6700\u540e\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u75c7\u72b6\uff1a\u914d\u597d\u7684\u68f1\u7ec4\u505a\u5230\u540e\u9762\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002<\/strong> 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